Year: 2023

Child Health It is the responsibility of all health care providers to ensure that the children in their catchment area are kept as healthy as possible. Many child health programmes are covered in the care of children in the community.…

Clinical Guidelines For Eye Care In Kenya eye diseases are ranked eight among the top 10 causes of morbidity.Blindness prevalence is estimated at 0.7%. At the current population this translates to about 224,000 people being blind, with close to 672,000…

Epistaxis Bleeding through the nose, due to nose picking, trauma (fall in games, assault, etc.), nasal and paranasal neoplasms, nasal infection, systemic derangements,, e.g., acute fevers, hypertension, renal disease with uraemia, abnormalities of blood clotting, and foreign bodies in the…

The eye is a delicate external organ and it is easy for it to be injured. Eye injuries are generally classified as penetrating and non penetrating and include corneal and conjunctival foreign bodies and abrasions, burns (dry heat and chemical…

Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to supply output that is sufficient for the metabolic needs of the tissues, in face of acute venous return. Common causes of heart failure are hypertension, valvular heart disease, ischeamic heart disease,…

A high index of suspicion and proper history is important, especially amongst children born prematurely, those born with low birth-weight, those born after difficult delivery, those who develop yellowness of eye (neonatal jaundice), those whose mothers had febrile illness during…

This is an infection of mastoid air cells and mastoid bone occurring as a complication of an acute otitis media or chronic suppurative otitis media. Clinical Features There is a painful swelling above the ear in children under 2 years…

Glaucoma is associated with approximately 25,000 blind cases in Kenya Clinical Features There is unexplained gradual decrease in central or peripheral vision In children, the corneal is bigger and hazy. Management Treat at level 4 and above. Tropical beta-blockers, e.g.,…

Aetiological factors Trauma Inflammatory, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, etc. Degenerative: Spondylosis (degenerative disease), prolapsed intervertebral disc, spondylolisthesis Neoplastic: Usually secondary tumors Infection: Pyogenic, non-pyogenic (Tuberculosis-Prott’s disease) Spinal stenosis: Congenital degenerative Others: Kyphoscoliosis Clinical Features History at presentation includes the…

This is an acute infection of the joint space. Aetiology Haematogenous spread from a primary focus elsewhere in the body. Directing penetrating injuries onto the joint. Extension of infection from a compound fracture of the neighbouring bone. The commonest causative…