Category: Blog

The eye is a delicate external organ and it is easy for it to be injured. Eye injuries are generally classified as penetrating and non penetrating and include corneal and conjunctival foreign bodies and abrasions, burns (dry heat and chemical…

Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to supply output that is sufficient for the metabolic needs of the tissues, in face of acute venous return. Common causes of heart failure are hypertension, valvular heart disease, ischeamic heart disease,…

A high index of suspicion and proper history is important, especially amongst children born prematurely, those born with low birth-weight, those born after difficult delivery, those who develop yellowness of eye (neonatal jaundice), those whose mothers had febrile illness during…

This is an infection of mastoid air cells and mastoid bone occurring as a complication of an acute otitis media or chronic suppurative otitis media. Clinical Features There is a painful swelling above the ear in children under 2 years…

Glaucoma is associated with approximately 25,000 blind cases in Kenya Clinical Features There is unexplained gradual decrease in central or peripheral vision In children, the corneal is bigger and hazy. Management Treat at level 4 and above. Tropical beta-blockers, e.g.,…

Aetiological factors Trauma Inflammatory, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, etc. Degenerative: Spondylosis (degenerative disease), prolapsed intervertebral disc, spondylolisthesis Neoplastic: Usually secondary tumors Infection: Pyogenic, non-pyogenic (Tuberculosis-Prott’s disease) Spinal stenosis: Congenital degenerative Others: Kyphoscoliosis Clinical Features History at presentation includes the…

This is an acute infection of the joint space. Aetiology Haematogenous spread from a primary focus elsewhere in the body. Directing penetrating injuries onto the joint. Extension of infection from a compound fracture of the neighbouring bone. The commonest causative…

This is an artificial opening into the trachea through the neck in order to bypass an obstruction of the airway and/or to provide access to the lower airway to facilitate ventilatory support. This procedure should only be performed at level…

Injury to the teeth and the supporting alveolar bone occurs quite frequently,especially among children. Other more severe injuries to the soft and skeletal tissues of the orofacial area commonly arise through road traffic accidents, sporting activities, and interpersonal violence. Such…

Infection in the jawbones may be localized or generalized. Generally, the localized forms of infection are the most common, with the focal osteitis/alveolitis(dry socket) occurring 1 to 7 days following a dental extraction. This probably is the most common bone…