Year: 2023

This is an infection of mastoid air cells and mastoid bone occurring as a complication of an acute otitis media or chronic suppurative otitis media. Clinical Features There is a painful swelling above the ear in children under 2 years…

Glaucoma is associated with approximately 25,000 blind cases in Kenya Clinical Features There is unexplained gradual decrease in central or peripheral vision In children, the corneal is bigger and hazy. Management Treat at level 4 and above. Tropical beta-blockers, e.g.,…

Aetiological factors Trauma Inflammatory, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, etc. Degenerative: Spondylosis (degenerative disease), prolapsed intervertebral disc, spondylolisthesis Neoplastic: Usually secondary tumors Infection: Pyogenic, non-pyogenic (Tuberculosis-Prott’s disease) Spinal stenosis: Congenital degenerative Others: Kyphoscoliosis Clinical Features History at presentation includes the…

This is an acute infection of the joint space. Aetiology Haematogenous spread from a primary focus elsewhere in the body. Directing penetrating injuries onto the joint. Extension of infection from a compound fracture of the neighbouring bone. The commonest causative…

This is an artificial opening into the trachea through the neck in order to bypass an obstruction of the airway and/or to provide access to the lower airway to facilitate ventilatory support. This procedure should only be performed at level…

Injury to the teeth and the supporting alveolar bone occurs quite frequently,especially among children. Other more severe injuries to the soft and skeletal tissues of the orofacial area commonly arise through road traffic accidents, sporting activities, and interpersonal violence. Such…

Infection in the jawbones may be localized or generalized. Generally, the localized forms of infection are the most common, with the focal osteitis/alveolitis(dry socket) occurring 1 to 7 days following a dental extraction. This probably is the most common bone…

This is an infective condition of the orofacial tissues that may cause extensive tissue destruction with severe morbidity. The condition may initially manifest as an acute ulcerative necrotizing gingival infection that rapidly involves a block of the contiguous tissues culminating…

Bacterial infection can lead to the inflammation of the salivary glands. Bacterial sialedenitis commonly affects the parotid gland,submandibular glands are rarely affected. ACUTE BACTERIAL SIALEDENITIS Clinical Features This is characterized by sudden onset of unilateral pain at the angle of…

This disease is reported to be highly prevalent in parts of our African region where it affects children and in groups of persons with congenital disorders such as Down’s syndrome.Significantly, nutritional deficiencies arising from the prevalent poor socio-economic status of…